What Makes A Perfect Market - 1420 Words

When thinking about a perfect market a couple words should come to mind: availability and price. For the market to be going well for the supplier, the customer will need to be satisfied. To turn things around, the customer has to depend on the supplier. This is where availability comes in to play. The supplier’s job is to make sure the customer is able to access their products as easy as possible. Even though some companies to this day do not use e-commerce, in a perfect market e-commerce has to be used. The reason for this is simple and is that customers want to be able to access their wants and needs whenever and wherever they want as easy as possible (Brandt, 2011). From a supplier’s perspective, a perfect market would be considered†¦show more content†¦If the price of a product increases, then the demands for the substitute products will more than likely increase. Customers and suppliers having bargaining power and the market being easily open to new entrants are also two key factors for a perfect market to the customer. If a customer was looking from a price perspective then they would more than likely be focused on frictionless commerce so the prices of the product would be driven down to the marginal cost. They would also be focused on the intermediaries being forced out of the market and the ability of the customers to make deals directly with the suppliers. In this paper there will be information about the benefits and downsides to both perspectives of a perfect market to give the reader a clear insight on how the market has to operate in order to provide benefits to the majority of consumers for a company’s products . Analysis In a perfect market, no company has a competitive advantage or information asymmetries because every firm has equal access to all the factors of production. But, real markets are never perfect. Information asymmetries that lead to many competitive advantages do sometimes exist. Most of a company’s competitive advantages are considered short term but some of them can be extended for long periods of time. People may not realize it but many brands that hold great respect fail every year (Lauden and Traver, 2014). One way for a brand to fail is band

Starbucks Review Free Essays

Review of Starbucks: A Step Above DeVry University Review of Starbucks: A Step Above The product I chose to review is the Starbucks Corporation; the Starbucks Corporation is an American global coffee company and Italian-style coffeehouse chain based in Seattle, Washington (â€Å"Starbucks,† 2012). Starbucks is the largest coffeehouse company in the world, with 19,972 stores in 60 countries, including 12,937 in the United States, 1,273 in Canada, 971 in Japan, 790 in the United Kingdom, 657 in China, 453 in South Korea, 356 in Mexico, 276 in Taiwan, 200 in the Philippines, 158 in Thailand and 1 in India (â€Å"How many Starbucks,† 2012) . The first Starbucks opened in Seattle, Washington, on March 30, 1971 by three partners: English teacher Jerry Baldwin, history teacher Zev Siegl, and writer Gordon Bowker. We will write a custom essay sample on Starbucks Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now The three were inspired by coffee roasting entrepreneur Alfred Peet, whom they knew personally, to sell high-quality coffee beans and equipment (â€Å"Starbucks,† 2012). Let’s take a look at how and why Starbucks is a step above the competition and on a straight path of success. Starbucks not only sells amazing coffee blends and delectable pastries but as a corporation always looking for ways to stay ahead. I want this review to be more than just a review of coffee, this is a review of Starbucks as a corporation and how they use their position to make the communities they serve better places. Starbuck defines corporate responsibility and fairness. The most amazing observation about Starbucks is all the charities and forms of help they offer. For starters Starbucks and the Opportunity Finance Network have bracelets available for a $5 donation to support and create local jobs, these are available at all Starbucks. Starbucks also takes place in fair trade and ethical sourcing, which brings stability to other regions in which supply their corporation. Other forms of support are the millions of dollars in grant money Starbucks supplies to youth leadership programs within the communities they serve and Review of Starbucks: A Step Above thousands of hours of community service to improve those communities. Other strengths that propel Starbucks ahead of the competition are their community stores, leadership and education programs, housing initiatives and their Starbucks foundation which above all else is about helping their communities and the countries in which supply them (â€Å"Being a responsible,† 2012). Another form of strengths that really set Starbucks ahead of their competition is their beverage selection. Starbucks offers many different coffee verities from flavors to different strengths which allow them to appeal to many different consumers. You can also purchase most coffee drinks hot, cold or frozen which sets them ahead of other coffee houses. Besides coffee Starbucks also offers tea and other non-coffee beverages as well pastries and on the go sandwiches for the breakfast and lunch crowd. Most recent expansion of the Starbucks line was their addition to the K-Cup line and the release of their very own single cup brewer, this giving the consumer the ability to enjoy a hot fresh cup of Starbucks in the comfort of their own home. Also Starbucks offers a unique and comforting experience at each one of their stores, no two are the same and each store is modeled after the community it is located. Overall Starbucks is a true competitor and leader in the coffee market as well exemplifying corporate responsibility. This company not only serves refreshing beverages and delicious treats but uses their influence and power to improve the communities they serve and benefit the countries that supply them. Starbucks started as a small company in Seattle in 1971 and became a worldwide leader in the coffee industry as well a global corporation for good. This is what truly sets Starbucks a step above the competition. References Being a responsible company. (2012, November 13). Retrieved from http://www. starbucks. com/ How many starbucks are there?. (2012, Sep 8). Retrieved from http://loxcel. com/sbux-faq. html Starbucks. (2012, Nov 13). Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Starbucks How to cite Starbucks Review, Essay examples

Role of the Team-Building and Leadership in the Project Management

Question: Discuss about Role of the Team-Building and Leadership in the Project Management. Answer: Introduction Authority alludes to the activities required in driving and affecting individuals inside association towards sought hierarchical objectives. Using powerful administration styles assumes a fundamental part in guaranteeing venture accomplishment, through setting up and keeping up roused groups. Venture supervisors can use distinctive administration styles including imperious, majority rule, laissez-admission, and bureaucratic, charming and transformative initiative among others. In any case, the transformational administration style considered the most fitting authority style since it includes administrators rousing and persuading individuals from the group. Venture achievement includes compelling group building and grasping cooperation. Group building shapes a basic angle in advancing undertaking achievement, whereby the adequacy of the colleagues is vital to the accomplishment of venture achievement. Powerful venture directors guarantee that they select and use capable groups to guarantee effective undertakings. Further, inspiration remains a key angle in guaranteeing that the groups stay persuaded in working towards the general task objectives. Venture supervisors use diverse inspiration ways to deal with guarantee that their groups stay roused, including Maslow's Hierarchy of necessities, Hertzberg's Motivation-Hygiene hypothesis, McGregor's hypothesis of X and Y and David McClelland's accomplishment inspiration hypothesis among others. This report investigates the idea of initiative and group working in task administration, applying key hypothetical models to show routes in which venture supervisors can guarantee venture accomplishm ent by using successful authority styles and keeping up propelled groups. (M. Septelka, 2002) Review of the Literature It was characterized that project administration as the precisely sorted out and arranged push to finish a task as per the foreordained targets. Viable venture administration requires astounding initiative and undertaking administration practices which incorporate compelling asset administration and persuading venture groups towards the accomplishment of the task objectives. As per one of the author, administration alludes to the way toward rousing and inspiring task towards the accomplishment of undertaking objectives and destinations. In spite of the fact that activities require compelling administration practices, an initiative is a key angle in task achievement. Administration varies from the administration in that administration includes arranging, sorting out, and planning venture exercises, while authority includes keeping up propelled and spurred groups to guarantee that the task goals are met viably. Group building is a fundamental part of undertaking achievement, whereby the task supervisor guarantees that he or she chooses a skillful venture group, and guarantees that the group is propelled and inspired towards accomplishing the venture objectives and destinations. It was characterized group working as the exercises that venture administrators or associations use to enhance social relations among representatives or colleagues. Group fabricating likewise includes characterizing distinctive parts inside groups, particularly parts that include community errands. Group building assumes a fundamental part in enhancing proficiency amid task execution, which is basic in guaranteeing that an undertaking accomplishes the set targets and objectives. (Burke, C. S., 2006) It contends that task centered initiative is key for undertaking achievement, whereby venture administrators ought to concentrate on keeping up equipped groups. The proposed that task supervisors can lead a venture towards accomplishment by guaranteeing that the colleagues work adequately and productively. Henceforth, extend chiefs ought to concentrate on using adaptable and creative authority styles to permit sharing of thoughts, which is essential in the accomplishment of venture achievement. In addition, venture chiefs ought to concentrate on powerful group building and inspiration techniques to guarantee that the various colleagues cooperate concordantly for the accomplishment of task objectives. As indicated by the project administrators can use diverse styles of authority to accomplish venture objectives. The initiative styles incorporate dictatorial, law based, appealing, situational, value-based, transformative, bureaucratic, and laissez-reasonable authority among others. In any case, takes note of that initiative is unpredictable and dynamic, which demonstrates that venture chiefs must guarantee sharp determination of the proper authority style to coordinate the motivational needs of their colleagues for best venture results. The relationship between the task pioneer, the undertaking, and the group includes the accomplishment of a shared objective set in the venture. Henceforth, it is crucial for undertaking directors to guarantee that the colleagues comprehend the task's real objective, and they have the required aptitudes, information, and inspiration to concentrate on accomplishing the venture objectives. (Carson, J. B., 2007) Project Management Role in the Leadership Initiative alludes to the way toward rousing and inspiring colleagues towards accomplishing the undertaking objectives. There are distinctive styles of administration, including imperious, vote based, laissez-passage, and bureaucratic, magnetic and transformative authority among others. Dictatorial initiative style includes chiefs settling on choices without including colleagues, in spite of the fact that the perspectives of the group could assume a fundamental part in advancing venture achievement. Despotic authority style is material in circumstances where supervisors require settling on fast choices, in circumstances when the colleagues' feelings are not required, and in situations where the group information does not impact the venture's prosperity. Then again, vote based administration includes pioneers settling on conclusive choices despite the fact that they underscore on the inclusion of colleagues in the basic leadership process. Popularity based pioneers esteem the innovati veness and engagement of colleagues in the task and in the basic leadership process. The law based initiative style shows the advancement of high representative efficiency and occupation fulfillment. Notwithstanding, the law based initiative style is not fitting in situations where supervisors need to settle on brisk choices since the majority rule basic leadership procedure is tedious. The laissez-admission administration style includes giving colleagues the opportunity to decide the ways to deal with use in doing their work. An hypothesizes that the self-rule that this authority style offers assumes a crucial part in guaranteeing that colleagues accomplish the employment fulfillment that they require. Be that as it may, the laissez-charge initiative style may not be successful in an undertaking administration where colleagues need viable time administration abilities or in situations where colleagues do not have the required aptitudes, information, and the inspiration to works towards accomplishing the task objectives. The bureaucratic initiative style includes strict after of the built up task rules. In spite of the fact that the bureaucratic authority is viable for undertakings or ventures that include genuine dangers, it is inadequate for activities that contain groups depending on innovativeness, adaptability, or development. (Carte, T. A., 2006) Alluring authority is like the transformational administration in that it includes rousing and inspiring the colleagues. Be that as it may, the two authority styles contrast in that the charming administration includes concentrating all alone objectives for the undertaking without fundamentally evolving anything, while the transformational initiative style concentrates on changing the groups and the association. The way that alluring pioneers trust that they will be constantly right makes the authority style improper for the administration of activities since the lion's share of undertakings depends on the contribution of colleagues for nonstop change and the accomplishment of progress. Subsequently, the transformational administration considered as the most proper authority to use in overseeing ventures since it concentrates on moving and inspiring colleagues to work towards the accomplishment of task objectives. Transformational pioneers exhibit high enthusiastic knowledge and trustworthiness to propel their group towards the accomplishment of a mutual vision. Transformational authority is fruitful in task administration since the pioneers guarantee that they build up clear objectives, and use compelling clash determination abilities, which are vital angles in enhancing the group efficiency and level of engagement. Despite the fact that transformational authority is viable for task administration, pioneers ought to consider making enhancements on their initiative style with the goal that it can successfully address the issues of the venture and the colleagues. (Chiocchio, F., 2015) Authority assumes a key part in viable task administration and advancing undertaking accomplishment, through selecting and building equipped groups to guarantee that the venture usage meets the set destinations. Further, initiative guarantees persistent strengthening of the task groups through preparing, inspiration, and moving groups to work towards the built up venture objectives. The administration is imperative in venture administration since it includes making a dream for the undertaking, building up a vital arrangement to guarantee that the task objectives are accomplished and impacting groups towards the accomplishment of the task vision. An initiative is a critical idea in guaranteeing venture accomplishment since it guarantees viable correspondence amid the task usage between colleagues, lenders, clients, suppliers, and other key undertaking partners. (Coleman, S., 2015) Project Management Models in Leadership Viable authority and group inspiration is indispensable in venture administration, since it is a noteworthy deciding variable in the undertaking achievement. Powerful venture chiefs exhibit qualities, for example, the enthusiasm for realizing, which is essential in empowering supervisors to stay applicable to the task objectives and the requirements of the group. Further, powerful venture pioneers are focused on accomplishment, through exhibiting responsibility for their activities and the colleagues. Duty assumes a crucial part in making venture progress, since it includes close observing of the task exercises to recognize and correct territories that are not meeting the undertaking objectives. Fruitful undertaking pioneers are powerful in appointing obligations, whereby they guarantee that particular obligations are apportioned to equipped people as far as scholarly capabilities, experience, and commitment to execute the relegated obligations. What's more, powerful venture pioneers go out on a limb, whereby they focus on going out on a limb whose expense of accomplishment is higher than the expense of disappointment. Case in point, putting resources into innovation that adds to venture viability and diminishment of expense is a computed hazard. (Winkler, 2010) Venture pioneers can encourage the accomplishment of undertaking achievement utilizing diverse initiative models, including the majority rule, bureaucratic, magnetic, totalitarian, laissez-admission, and transformative administration models. The distinctive authority models exhibit diverse administration qualities in various hierarchical set ups and initiative purposes. In any case, in guaranteeing viable venture administration, the transformational initiative model is the best model, since it significantly concentrates on moving and propelling the groups towards accomplishing the task objectives and goals. Transformative administration involves a few parts of other initiative styles, which assume an incredible part in making venture progress. For example, transformational pioneers exercise majority rule government in the basic leadership process, whereby they use the perspectives of the colleagues before building up conclusive undertaking choices. (Winkler, I., 2010) As indicated by the transformative authority model gives a moral and good measurement to venture initiative. Transformative pioneers change colleagues through expanding the individuals' consciousness of the significance and the estimation of the undertaking errands. Further, transformative pioneers rouse the colleagues to concentrate on the venture objectives instead of individual objectives. Additionally, transformative pioneers change colleagues towards the venture accomplishment by dealing with their high-arrange needs and rousing the individuals towards achievement. Transformational pioneers' display four key qualities, including romanticized impact, whereby they concentrate on showing others how its done and setting the task desires. For this situation, transformational pioneers utilize their energy to impact the colleagues to work towards the group's objectives and their own particular objectives. (Dahlin, K. B., 2005) The Transformational Leadership Model Transformative pioneers show attributes of scholarly incitement, whereby they empower and encourage learning and development among the colleagues. Likewise, transformational pioneers give moving inspiration, whereby they rouse the colleagues to challenge their norm for better result. Transformational pioneers strive to support the soul of cooperation by guaranteeing compelling correspondence on the task's vision and destinations, and the route forward to guarantee that the venture's vision is accomplished. At long last, transformational pioneers exhibit individualized thought, whereby they go about as guides to the group, while encouraging upgrades in the task by supporting learning and group strengthening. Transformative pioneers empower innovativeness and advancement amid the task usage by remunerating the imagination and development of the colleagues. (Ferraro, J., 2007) Project Management Motivation Models Fruitful venture pioneers use diverse inspiration models to guarantee that every one of the necessities of the colleagues are tended to so they stay persuaded towards accomplishing the undertaking objectives. The inspiration models that venture directors use incorporates: Maslow's Hierarchy of Requirements; Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory; McGregor's Theory of X and Y; and David McClelland's Achievement Motivation Theory (Weinreb, M. 2003) Maslow's Hierarchy of Requirements Persuading colleagues utilizing Maslow's progressive system of necessities hypothesis includes tending to the colleagues' needs from the most fundamental to the optional needs. Colleagues are persuaded by accomplishing the most noteworthy needs in the progressive system, which are summed up as self-completion. Viable task chiefs ought to consider addressing the requirements of the colleagues, including the physiological, well-being or security, social, regard, and self-completion needs to guarantee that the individuals are spurred towards working for the accomplishment of the venture achievement. (Feiner, M., 2002) Theory of Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Venture supervisors may apply Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene model, which contends that poor cleanliness components are prone to bring down the group inspiration, albeit enhancing such variables does a bit much add to group inspiration. Case of variables that may add to disappointment among colleagues incorporate poor working conditions, low pay, absence of professional stability, and poor working environment connections among others. Nonetheless, Herzberg contends that venture pioneers ought to concentrate on enhancing variables that propel colleagues instead of enhancing the cleanliness elements, in spite of the fact that they are key in enhancing group execution. The motivational variables as indicated by this model incorporate acknowledgment, self-completion, proficient development, and obligation. (Furash, E., 2003) Theory of Y and X for McGregors This uses contradicting suspicions, whereby the hypothesis of X expect that representatives inalienably disdain work, and they attempt their best to abstain from working. Under hypothesis X, workers need aspiration and they are significantly worried about their professional stability. Further, hypothesis X uses tyrant initiative, whereby laborers depend on mandates for them to work. Alternately, hypothesis accepted that workers exercise restraint and they readily assume liability and activity imagination in taking care of authoritative issues. Venture pioneers who use the hypothesis of Y to propel their groups make more prominent progress since it includes incorporating the objectives of individual colleagues with the undertaking objectives. Further, the hypothesis of Y inspires colleagues towards venture accomplishment by giving a chance to the colleagues to accomplish their objectives by putting endeavors towards guaranteeing the achievement of the association or the undertaking. ( Goodpasture, J., 2010) Theory of Achievement Motivation the David McClellands At last, extend directors can advance the accomplishment of a task by applying this Theory, which contends that individuals have three fundamental needs, including the requirement for force, alliance, and accomplishment. Be that as it may, individuals vary in the extent to which every need impacts their conduct. Thus, extend directors ought to characterize the requirements for every colleague and utilize their most favored need to rouse them working towards the accomplishment of the venture. For example, individuals whose predominant need is force are best inspired by allocating them obligations that include sorting out and affecting others. Alternately, individuals who are inspired by accomplishment ought to be doled out testing and achievable undertakings, and they ought to be perceived or remunerated for their accomplishment. Then again, individuals with a predominant requirement for connection are inspired through allotting those undertakings that include participation with other s. Further, individuals who esteem alliance look for endorsement as a technique for inspiration instead of acknowledgment. (Michels, R., 2001) Team Building Role in the Management of the Project It contends that the group building includes the determination of the fitting undertaking work force, and creating and sustaining the gathering towards concentrating on accomplishing the task objectives. Powerful group building requires that the undertaking pioneer keep up his or her initiative part, whereby viable authority approaches add to the viability of the venture groups and to the accomplishment of the task achievement. Powerful group building is crucial for the accomplishment of venture accomplishment, since groups that show the right disposition towards an undertaking exhibit the capacity to conquer the difficulties that emerge amid task usage. Group building is crucial in venture administration since it advances a common faith in the significance and the achievability of the undertaking objectives and goals. Having a mutual venture vision is essential in guaranteeing that all the colleagues work towards a comparable objective, which helps in taking out potential irreconcilable situations amid task usage. Further, group building is imperative in undertaking administration since it assists the colleagues with understanding each other's part in meeting the venture objectives. Perceiving the part of others is vital in minimizing clashes and encouraging better cooperation works on amid task usage. Group building is additionally vital in undertaking administration since it permits colleagues to comprehend their part and commitment to the task. Such mindfulness is critical in guaranteeing that every colleague assumes their part as indicated by the venture objectives and goals. (Northouse, P. G., 2010) Group building is imperative in undertaking administration since it fabricates the craving to cooperate among the colleagues, which is vital in encouraging sharing of task concerns, musings, and thoughts that may prompt venture achievement. Further, group building guarantees working of companionships among the colleagues, which makes working towards a shared objective pleasant. In addition, group building makes a helpful situation whereby individuals bolster each other, since it manufactures a comprehension among the colleagues that the accomplishment of the venture depends on the achievement of every part. (Pentilla, C. 2002) Communication, Leadership Role and Development of Team Group improvement is a five-phase process, involving the shaping, raging, Norming, performing, and deferring stages. The framing stage includes colleagues meeting and finding out about their part in the undertaking. Amid the shaping stage, the undertaking chief gives the task structure and heading, including the venture goals. Then again, the raging stage includes interpersonal issues, including struggle and polarization, whereby colleagues move each other including the venture director. The raging stage is fundamental in group improvement since it helps in building crucial aptitudes to encourage the accomplishment of the venture destinations, including struggle determination, relationship building, and dynamic listening abilities among others. (Radhika C., 2012) The stage includes the union of colleagues to concentrate viably on the ways to deal with use in executing the venture undertakings and accomplishing the task goals. Amid the stage, correspondence is a key component since it encourages the correspondence of key undertaking thoughts while input helps in imparting regions that require change because of their failure to meet the task targets. Further, agreeable connections between the colleagues and the acknowledgment of the gathering standards describe the execution stage. Amid the execution stage, group execution is at its crest, which requires the pioneer to concentrate more on authority exercises instead of supervision to accomplish venture adequacy. Dismissing frames the last stage in group improvement, whereby the colleagues have turned out to be close, and the end of the venture understands misfortune. Consequently, to guarantee that the task closes on a positive note, it is essential for the undertaking administrator to sort out for a festival that spotlights on perceiving the group's accomplishments. (Robinson, G., 2004) Administration and correspondence are fundamental amid group improvement since they encourage building and keeping up of capable groups. Correspondence is essential in giving venture input, which is utilized to enhance the task exercises and innovation to guarantee the accomplishment of progress. Then again, correspondence and authority encourage strife determination among colleagues, whereby clashes are negative to the accomplishment of venture achievement. Further, initiative advances the group accomplishment by setting bearings for the individuals, whereby the venture pioneer guarantees that the individuals comprehend the task objectives and destinations, and aides them towards the accomplishment of the objectives. Initiative is critical in group improvement, whereby the undertaking pioneer goes about as the group's representative to the outside gatherings that impact the effectiveness of the group. What's more, venture pioneers go about as good examples for the undertaking groups , consequently expanding the odds of the task accomplishment as the colleagues concentrate on enhancing efficiency and settling on a successful choice amid the undertaking execution. (Schyns, B., 2005) Conclusion Administration and group building are vital in venture administration since they are important in the accomplishment of task achievement. Venture objectives and destinations are accomplished through the positive commitment of the colleagues, including basic leadership, and the execution of the diverse undertaking assignments. In any case, groups can't work successfully without the contribution of an equipped pioneer, who goes about as a coach to the group, encourages struggle determination between colleagues, and setting the bearings for the colleagues towards the accomplishment of the task objectives. Group building is a constant procedure, whereby correspondence stays key to the group advancement and change process. Compelling venture administration requires the task pioneer to use the proper initiative model and inspiration models to guarantee the undertaking achievement. In spite of the fact that venture pioneers can use distinctive authority styles in dealing with the task, util izing the transformational initiative methodology displays more advantages in making venture progress, subsequent to the methodology includes rousing and spurring colleagues towards the undertaking objectives. (Turner, J., 2010) The transformation will make sure that it will inspire and it will motivate the members of the team throughout the project, using such of the models for the motivation as the requirements for the Maslows Hierarchy, Theory of the Motivation-Hygiene of Hertzbergs, among the others some are theory of achievement for motivation of David McClellands and Theory of Y and X for McGregors. The leader of the project will also rewards the recognition for the members of the team who will introduce the new ideas for the tasks that are performing and those that are who will achieve so that it will set the targets for making sure that the members of the project or team will remain motivated and focused so that it can achieve the objectives of the project. Venture organization fuses practices that the chief of the undertaking will take an interest into surety the assignment targets and destinations are expert. The genuine errands wander chief executes join undertaking power, bunch building, and gathering motivation to empower the achievement of the assignment accomplishment. Organization in assignment organization fuses the moves that endeavor pioneers make to stir and induce the endeavor bunch towards the looked for errand destinations. Wander pioneers may use unmistakable power models in propelling undertaking accomplishment including totalitarian, law based, laissez-section, bureaucratic, attractive and transformative organization models. Effective gathering building is moreover basic in undertaking organization. Therefore, stretch out bosses should focus on building intense gatherings, propelling the spirit of participation among the associates, ensuring that the partners stay stirred and prodded towards finishing the endeavor goal s by utilizing unmistakable motivation models. (Tkaczyk, C. 2004) References B., William, M. Septelka, 2002, Teambuilding in the Construction Industry AACE International Transactions Burke, C. S., Stagl, K. C., Klein, C., Goodwin, G. F., Salas, E., Halpin, S. M., 2006, What type of leadership behaviors are functional in teams? Leadership Quarterly, 17: 288-307 Carson, J. B., Tesluk, P. E., Marrone, J. A., 2007, Shared leadership in teams: An investigation of antecedent conditions and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 50: 1217-1234. Carte, T. A., Chidambaram, L., Becker, A. 2006, Emergent leadership in self-managed virtual teams: A longitudinal study of concentrated and shared leadership behaviors. Group Decision and Negotiation, 15: 323-343. Chiocchio, F., Kelloway, E., Hobbs, B., 2015,The Psychology and Management of Project Teams.New York: Oxford University Press. Coleman, S., MacNicol, D., 2015,Project Leadership.Farnham, Surrey, UK Burlington, VT: Gower. Dahlin, K. B., Weingart, L. R., Hinds, P. J., 2005, Team diversity and information use. Academy of Management Journal, 48: 1107-1123 Ferraro, J., 2007,The Strategic Project Leader: Mastering Service-Based Project Leadership.Boca Raton, FL: Auerbach Publications. Feiner, M., 2002, FT Report: Mastering Management. Financial Times Furash, E., 2003, Leadership = Culture (Management Strategies). RHA Journal 86, no. 4 Goodpasture, J., 2010,Project Management the Agile Way: Making it Work in the Enterprise.Ft. Lauderdale, FL: J. Ross Publishing. Michels, R., 2001,Team Building: The Road to Success.Spring City, PA: Reedswain Northouse, P. G., 2010,Leadership: Theory and Practice.Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Pentilla, C. 2002, Missed Mission. Entrepreneur Radhika C., 2012, Importance of Leadership in Project Success, https://project-management.com/importance-of-leadership-for-project-success/ Robinson, G., Rose, M., 2004, A Leadership Paradox: Influencing Others by Defining Yourself: Revised Edition.Bloomington, Indiana: AuthorHouse. Schyns, B., Meindl, J., 2005,Implicit Leadership Theories: Essays and Explorations.Greenwich, Conn: Information Age Publishing. Turner, J., Mller, R., 2010,Project-Oriented Leadership.Farnham, Surrey, UK Burlington, VT: Gower Publishing, Ltd. Tkaczyk, C. 2004, Container Store. Fortune 149, no. 1 Weinreb, M. 2003, Power to the People. Sales and Marketing Management 155, no. 4 Winkler, I., 2010,Contemporary Leadership Theories: Enhancing the Understanding of the Complexity, Subjectivity and Dynamic of Leadership.Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag.

Summer Training Report on Delhi Transco Limited Essay Example For Students

Summer Training Report on Delhi Transco Limited Essay LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT Report on Summer Training TITLE: Analysis of financial statement In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the award of Degree of Master of Business Administration Submitted by: Sweta kumari 10904523 DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY PHAGWARA Certificate by the Guide Certificate that this dissertation is based on an original project study by sweta kumara under my guidance. This has not formed basics for the award of any Degree/Diploma by any university. Place : Phagwara(Punjab) Guide Signature (Mr. Harendra ) Student Declaration I declare that the project titled ‘ ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT’is an original project done by me and no part of the project is taken from any other project or materials published or otherwise or submitted earlier to any other Collage or university. Student Signature Acknowledgement I take this opportunity to present my votes of thanks to all those guidepost who really acted as lightening pillars to enlighten our way throughout this project that has led to successful and satisfactory completion of this study. We will write a custom essay on Summer Training Report on Delhi Transco Limited specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We are really grateful to our guide MR. HARENDRA sir for providing us with an opportunity to undertake this project in this university and providing us with all the facilities. We are highly thankful to Mr. D. N. SONDHI and Mr. R. P. AGRAWAL and Mr. D. K. Mishra for there active support, valuable time and advice, whole-hearted guidance, sincere cooperation and pains-taking involvement during the study and in completing the assignment of preparing the said project within the time stipulated. Lastly, We are thankful to all those, particularly the various friends , who have been instrumental in creating proper, healthy and conductive environment and including new and fresh innovative ideas for us during the project, their help, it would have been extremely difficult for us to prepare the project in a time bound framework. List of Content †¢ Introduction 1. Introduction Of Company 2. Introduction Of Topic †¢ Research Objectives †¢ Methodology of data collection and tools †¢ Limitations †¢ Analysis and interpretation of data Findings †¢ Conclusion †¢ References LOGO OF DELHI TRANSCO LTD. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The project title’ ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT’ is chosen by me for my project in Delhi Transco limited. A budget is a document that translates plans into money money that will need to be spent to get your planned activities done (expenditure) and money that will need to be generated to cover the costs of getting the w ork done (income). It is an estimate, or informed guess, about what you will need in monetary terms to do your work. The budget is an essential management tool. for my project report I have taken approved budget of this particular company for last two year 2008-09 and 2009-2010. for this purpose I have taken these steps- 1. Selected approved balance sheet of both the last year 2. Then selected department wise approved budget. 3. Then selected cash flow statement 4. Then selected income statement 5. Firstly I have calculated variance and percentage change in variance 6. Analyze the outcomes of the above calculations. Introduction Electricity plays a vital role in our day-to-day life. It powers our houses, industries, hospitals and in fact our entire economy. Electricity  (from the  New Latin  electricus, amber-like) is a general term that encompasses a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of  electric charge. When we consider electricity, we usually think of electric power, and thats how well use the term here. Electricity is energy, and energy can do work. Electric power, electricity, is used to do things for us, and no modern society exists without it. Electricity is generated at places where it is economical and advantageous to do so, and is transported to places of use through the power grid. Historically speaking the modern electricity industry utility system was first introduced to the world on the opening of Thomas Edison’s Pearl Street Electricity Generating Station on September 4th, 1882 at New York (United States of America). Insofar as Delhi is concerned, the position is that as per available records, the first diesel Power Station was established in Delhi in the year 1905 when private English Company by name M/s. John Fleming was given permission to generate electricity under the provisions of the Indian Electricity Act 1903. The above mentioned Company was given the responsibility both of generation and distribution of power in a limited manner. That Company after obtaining license nder the provisions of Electricity Act 1903 had set up a small 2 MW Diesel set at Lahori Gate in Old Delhi. Later on, this very Company was converted as Delhi Electricity Supply and Traction Company. In the Year 1911, the power generation was augmented by Steam Generation Station. In the year 1932, the management of Central Power House was handed over to New Delhi Municipal Committee (NDMC). In the field of power generation and distribution, a major break through was achieved in 1939 when Delhi Central Electricity Power Auth ority (DCEPA) was established. This Company was responsible for the supply of power to the areas covered by Local Bodies, namely, the Municipal Committees of Delhi, West Delhi and South Delhi, the Notified Area Committees of  Red fort,  Civil Lines, Mehrauli, Najaf Garh, and the District Board of Delhi. The supply of electricity to the Municipal Committees of Delhi-Shahdara and the Notified Area of Narela was done by different private agencies. In 1947 DCEPA took over a Private Limited Company by name Delhi electric Supply traction Company Limited. Promulgation of Electricity (Supply)Act 1948:-   In the year 1948,   electricity (Supply) Act 1948 came into force, which inter-alia provided   for the constitution of an electricity Board in the States that was to function as a vertically integrated electricity utility in the entire State, undertaking all the functions of activities related to electricity, which included electricity generation, transmission, distribution, supply,   planning coordination and also was to act as regulatory authority for carrying out other functions incidental and ancillary thereto. In other words, the Electricity (Supply) Act 1948 was entitled to become a monopolistic undertaking in the field of electricity control by an instrument of the state and not by private sector. The principal objective behind the above policy decision of the Government of India in providing for the constitution of State electricity to all, particularly in semi-urban and rural areas because till then the availability of electricity was confined to urban areas and was mainly served by private electricity distribution licenses issued under the Indian electricity Act 1910. Formation of Delhi State Electricity Board: In pursuance of the provisions of the Electricity (Supply) Act, 1948, in Delhi, in the year 1951 the Delhi State Electricity Board (DSEB) came into existence and the responsibility of generation and distribution of electricity was taken over by DSEB from DCEPA. The entire staff of DCEPA and other agencies was absorbed by DSEB under the existing terms conditions of service. Formation of Delhi Electric Supply undertaking by promulgation of DMC Act 1957:-  Ã‚   After the promulgation of the Delhi Municipal Corporation Act 1957, the DSEB was dissolved and the functions of DSEB were taken over by Delhi Electric Supply Undertaking (DESU), which came into existence in 1958. After the formation DESU, the generation and distribution of electricity to all the areas of Delhi came under DESU and the employees of erstwhile DSEB were also absorbed by DESU. Constitution of Delhi Vidyut Board:   Ã‚   The Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi vide notification No. F. 11 (10)/92-LSG /PF (II) dated 24. 02. 1997, issued under the Electricity (Supply) Act, 1948, constituted a separate Electricity Board, i. e. the Delhi Vidyut Board (DVB) for the NCT of Delhi w. e. f. 24. 02. 1997 for the purpose of generation and distribution of power to the entire are of NCT of Delhi except the areas falling within the jurisdiction of NDMC and Delhi Cantonment Board. Practical difficulties in the working of Delhi Vidyut Board:-  Ã‚   The activities of Delhi Vidyut Board from its inception, and as a matter of fact even prior thereto when the activities were being undertaken by DESU, were not financially viable on account of several factors affecting the electricity industry including the high level of losses in the system and the revenues being not able to meet the cost with result that like other State electricity Boards, Delhi vidyut Board suffered operating deficit in aggregate to the tune of Rs. 2,386. 72 crore during the period from 1995-96 to 2000-01. In addition the Delhi Vidyut Board was required to make adequate provision for bad and doubtful debts. The cumulative effect of all these factors was that the Delhi Vidyut Board was not in a position to meet its financial obligations and commitments including the payment for power purchased from generation companies   and suppliers, such NTPC Limited,   Nuclear Power Corporation Limited, national Hydroelectric Corporation Limited,etc. Unbundling of Delhi Vidyut Board in six entities:   Ã‚   In the recent for alleviating the concerns of consumers in the power sector, some reforms started gaining momentum. In that very direction with a view to safeguard the overall interests of the consumers GNCTD took some policy initiatives as as a result of which DVB was split into six Companies, viz. ,   BSES Rajdhani Power Limited, BSES Yamuna Power Limited, North Delhi Power Limited, Delhi   Transco Limited,   Indraprastha Power Generation Company Limited, and Delhi Power Company Limited, as per the provisions contained in Delhi electricity reform Act 2000 read with Delhi Electricity Reform (Transfer Scheme) Rules 2001. Goal Sarvebhavantu sukhinah(good to all) Vision Global power in power sector Values Corporate ethics ,trust and commitment learning and development result and exelence ,organizational pride Moto Our pride – stake holder delight Mission To establish operate and maintain secure EHVnetwork on sound commercial principle integarating HRD,RP,Process reengineering ,creating interactual power maximizing stakeholder delight   Present Scenario: The role of Delhi Transco Limited is confined to arrange and provide transmission network of 400 KV and 220 KV source from Northern Grig. The present infrastructure for this purpose under 400 KV systems is 4,725 MVA (2520 MVA with DTL and 2205 with Power Grid Corporation). As against this, 220 KV sub Stations have the capacity of 6,300 MVA is available for Delhi.. Achievements †¢ Delhi Transco limited embarked on yatra and ODC with a vision to create global power in power sector. †¢ Vision ,mission statement with goal and values were defind †¢ DTL,has earned profit Rs. 9. 8 cr. as dividend to the gov. †¢ ERP cell estabilished for implementation of ERP project †¢ DTL as been assigned credit rating of A+ by agencies FITCH and CRISIL †¢ DTL raised 200 cr. successfully through delhi Transco bonds. Future Plans: In the 11th Plan ending 2011-12 the transmission capacity is proposed to be augmented to meet the future requirements. Under 400 KV system, it is proposed to establish new Sub Stations at Mundka, South-East Delhi near Mandi village and East Loni Road   with a capacity of 630 MVA each by DTL and also increase the capacity of existing sub-Station at Maharani Bagh by 630 MVA b Power Grid Corporation of India Limited. Similarly, under 220 KV system, augmentation and new addition in capacity to the tune of 1660 MVA under the existing Sub Stations is proposed. Further, new Sub Station at DSIDC Bawana-II (320MVA), Chandrawal (200 MVA), Jhatikara More (320 MVA),. Ridge Valley   (320 MVA),  Ã‚   Rohini-II   (480 MVA),   Sultanpuri   (320 MVA), Electric lane (200 MVA),   Trauma Centre (200 MVA),   Wazirpur Industrial Area   (320   MVA) and IGI Airport   (320 MVA ) are proposed to be established. Thus, the capacity of 2520 MVA and 5940 MVA will be added in the 400 KV system and 220 KV system, respectively. To sum up, by 2011-12 transformation capacity of 8460 MVA will be added and a total capacity of 19485 MVA will be available to Delhi Delhi Transco limited substations |Parameters |400KV Level |220KV Level | |No. of Subatations |2 |24 | |Transmission Capacity (in MVA) |3150 |6760 | |Transmission Lines (length in Ckt. Km. ) |227 |575 | Board of directors |NAME |DESIGNATION | |Mr. Rakesh mehta |CMD | |Sh. R. K. Narayan |DIRECTOR | |Sh. V. V. Bhat |DIRECTOR | |Sh. Dharmendra |DIRECTOR | | Sh. Vijay Dev |DIRECTOR | |Sh. A K Kaul |DIR(OPERATION) | |Sh. Raj K. Saxena |DIR(HR) | Departments of delhi Transco limited There are 18 department of Delhi Transco Limited. Different departments plays different role in delhi Transco Limited. †¢ CMD secretariats †¢ Director operation †¢ HR consolidated †¢ Commercial and reform †¢ Finance consolidated †¢ Company secretary †¢ Planning †¢ Stores †¢ Legal †¢ Civil †¢ Construction †¢ OM consolidated †¢ IT †¢ Medical †¢ PRO †¢ CWG(1) †¢ CWG(2) †¢ SLDC †¢ CMD secretariats Delhi Transco limited divided its different types of works under different departments. These different departments do there concern work so there should maintain proper management inside the organization. CMD secretariat include CMD and all the top level management. †¢ Director operation This particular department includes director of operation and all the activities related to operation and its proper management. An operation traditionally refers to the production of goods and services separately, although the distinction between these two main types of operations is increasingly difficult to make as manufacturers tend to merge product and service offerings. More generally, Operations Management aims to increase the content of value-added activities in any given process. Fundamentally, these value-adding creative activities should be aligned with market opportunity (see  Marketing) for optimal enterprise Performance. According to the U. S. Department of Education, Operations Management the physical and/or technical functions of a firm or organization, particularly those relating to development, production, and manufacturing. Operations Management programs typically include] instruction in principles of general management, manufacturing and production systems, plant management, equipment maintenance management, production control, industrial labor relations and skilled trades supervision, strategic manufacturing policy, systems analysis, productivity analysis and cost control, and materials planning. Objectives of operations management can be categorized into customer service and resource utilization. †¢ HR consolidated This parti cular department is responsible for all the work related to HR(human resource management). Departments are the entities organizations form to organize people, reporting relationships, and work in a way that best supports the accomplishment of the organizations goals. The forward thinking human resource department is devoted to providing effective policies, procedures, and people-friendly  guidelines and support  within companies. Additionally, the human resource function serves to make sure that the company mission, vision, values or guiding principles, the company metrics, and the factors that keep the company guided toward success are optimized. Note that some people distinguish a difference between HRM (a major management activity) and HRD (Human Resource Development, a profession). Those people might include HRM in HRD, explaining that HRD includes the broader range of activities to develop personnel inside of organizations, including, e. g. , career development, training, organization development, etc. †¢ Commercial and reform This particular department deal all the topic related to commerce and commercial papers . Commercial may refer to: ? Advertising, commercial messages ? Radio advertisement, via the medium of radio Television advertisement, via the medium of television ? Commerce, the voluntary exchange of goods, services, or both ? Trade, the trading of something of economic value such as goods, services, information or money ? Finance consolidated The Finance Department is responsible for the financial functions and activities of the Council and for the administration of the Councils fiscal policy. The role an d functions of the Finance Department of the  Delhi Transco limited is- †¢ Preparation and compilation of Budget estimates, revised estimates †¢ Administration of the Consolidated Fund and Contingency fund of the state. Control of expenditure and economy measures. †¢ Audit and Accounts. †¢ Matters related to creation of posts, fixation of pay and grants-in-aid. †¢ Financing of Five year Plans and expenditure sanctions relating to Plan and Non-Plan Schemes of all departments. †¢ Loans and advances. †¢ Exercise of financial powers delegated by the Governor in case where such powers have not been specifically delegated to other departments and authorities. †¢ Company secretary †¢ A  company secretary  is a senior position in a private  company  or public organization, normally in the form of a managerial position or above. .ue4441d3705be929190de570cabae38d4 , .ue4441d3705be929190de570cabae38d4 .postImageUrl , .ue4441d3705be929190de570cabae38d4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue4441d3705be929190de570cabae38d4 , .ue4441d3705be929190de570cabae38d4:hover , .ue4441d3705be929190de570cabae38d4:visited , .ue4441d3705be929190de570cabae38d4:active { border:0!important; } .ue4441d3705be929190de570cabae38d4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue4441d3705be929190de570cabae38d4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue4441d3705be929190de570cabae38d4:active , .ue4441d3705be929190de570cabae38d4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue4441d3705be929190de570cabae38d4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue4441d3705be929190de570cabae38d4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue4441d3705be929190de570cabae38d4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue4441d3705be929190de570cabae38d4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue4441d3705be929190de570cabae38d4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue4441d3705be929190de570cabae38d4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue4441d3705be929190de570cabae38d4 .ue4441d3705be929190de570cabae38d4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue4441d3705be929190de570cabae38d4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Women And Spirituality (961 words) EssayIn the United States it is known as a  corporate secretary. †¢ The Company Secretary is responsible for the efficient administration of a company, particularly with regard to ensuring compliance with statutory and regulatory requirements and for ensuring that decisions of the Board of Directors are implemented. †¢ Planning Planning  in  organizations  and  public policy  is both the organizational process of creating and maintaining a  plan; and the psychological process of  thinking about the activities required to create a desired goal on some scale. As such, it is a fundamental property of  intelligent behavior. This thought process is essential to the creation and refinement of a  plan, or integration of it with other plans, that is, it combines  forecasting  of developments with the preparation of scenarios of how to react to them. An important, albeit often ignored aspect of planning, is the relationship it holds with  forecasting. Forecasting  can be described as predicting what the future will look like, whereas planning predicts what the future should look like. †¢ Stores The complete control on the materials is vested in the Stores Department. The field of materials Management covers the following functions. †¢ Materials planning and programming of procurement and supplies. †¢ Purchasing †¢   Inventory control †¢ Storekeeping and warehousing †¢   Ã‚  Materials handling and transportation †¢   Codification and standardization †¢   Value Analysis †¢ Legal The legal department of a business handles legal issues which may come up in the course of business, ranging from drafting waiver forms for employees to handling lawsuits from angry customers. Many large companies have a legal department; smaller companies may choose to keep a lawyer or a staff of lawyers on retainer, ensuring that they have rapid access to legal knowledge when they need it. Customers often find themselves interacting with the legal department, especially when they file complaints or indicate that they believe a business is not being operated within the law. †¢ Civil The Civil Division has a major role in providing legal advice on a wide range of legal issues on civil matters to all government bureaus and departments. The division also represents the government in the conduct of all civil claims and disputes involving the government. The Civil Division comprises four major units: †¢ Advisory †¢ Civil Litigation †¢ Commercial †¢ Planning, Environment, Lands Housing †¢ Construction This particular department handle different types of construction work related to company. Planning and designing building network to provide optimized connectivity to residential and non-residential govt. buildings of different departments. This department also responsible for Construction, renovation, upgradation and maintenance of residential and non-residential govt. uildings of different departments. †¢ OM Consolidated This particular department responsible for all the work related to operation and proper maintenance inside the organization. and this particular department responsible for proper maintenance of transformers and different grids. †¢ OM services are guided by the needs and demand of electricity †¢ Daily operation and maintenance of the plant †¢ Complete plant staffing †¢ Planned and unplanned maintenance services, including parts †¢ Local and remote monitoring and diagnostics Comprehensive training †¢ Environmental health and safety programs †¢ Site documentation and procedure development †¢ Switchgear maintenance and managemen †¢ IT Department of Information Technology is working to put technology to its highest and best use throughout Delhi Transco limited Department/Autonomous bodies to improve the administration of state programmes and services. Proving guidance on technical matters to departments, vetting IT projects and taking department on achieving IT Road Map are the basic jobs of Information Technology Department. †¢ Medical Department of Medical Health and Family Welfare is committed to provide high quality, affordable and accessible, preventive, curative, promotive and comprehensive health care services to the people of Uttar Pradesh with special focus to the disadvantaged population †¢ PRO †¢ Public relations have been defined as the interaction of a business with its customer base, and or with prospective customers. This interaction can take various forms, which may include events such as trade shows, marketing promotions, customer relations initiatives and other such efforts in which the business and the public interacts. CWG( most recent project) The following are some of the positive outcomes of a successful public relations department: †¢ Attract attention to a company and raise its visibility in a competitive market niche †¢ Generate interest in and enthusiasm for a companys goods and or services †¢ Create buzz when a company introduces new products or services when peo ple begin to talk about the business, word of mouth can serve as the ideal form of advertising. †¢ Enhance the credibility of a company and polish its image. Defuse a crisis if and when it occurs, minimizing its potential damage. †¢ SLDC There are multiple agencies within a state engaged in generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity. State Load Dispatch Centre monitors these operations and keeps the account of quantity of electricity transmitted through the state grid. SCADA is a part of it. Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition System (SCADA) is a high tech computer system with associated communication network that enables supervision and control of power system network. Demand for power is increasing very fast due to continual improvement in quality of urban life style as well as expansion of industrial sector. The rapid increase in demand for power is associated with growing level of power system network complexity in terms of need for unified grid operation while maintaining the operational parameters. Further increased openness in the power sector economy has put additional pressure on the power companies to manage the power system resources in the most optimum manner within regulatory constraints imposed by Regulator. To meet the above challenges the need for a Real Time SCADA system in any modern power system utility is indispensable. †¢ The direct benefits of a modern SCADA system are: †¢ Constant access to Real Time picture of entire network showing power system voltage, frequency, MW, MVAR, etc. †¢ Supervision, monitoring and control of power in Real Time. †¢ Optimal operation of power system, i. e. generation and associa ted resources. †¢ Review of literature 1. According to Utpal Bhaskar (aug 3,2010)  Delhi Transco Ltd  and the state government had assessed 4,450MW of power demand in the Capital during the CWG in October. Aug. 03NEW DELHI The governments plans to create a sizeable cushion to tide over any power shortage that could arise during the Commonwealth Games (CWG) suffered a setback following a delay in commissioning two proposedSunitsSof 500MW each. The government, which had initially envisaged surplus power availability of 1,200MW, is still confident that it will be able to manage demand. 2. According to Bhadra sinha( feb 15 ,2010) In a setback to Delhi Government’s power ministry, the Appellate Tribunal for Electricity has slapped a fine of Rs 2. lakh on its generating unit (Delhi Transco Limited) for overdrawing power from the grid on four occasions between January and October 2008. Asking the CERC to review UI rates every six months, the tribunal said: â€Å"The UI rates below 50 Hz frequency need to be so fixed as to discourage over-draws. In our view, existing UI rates do not achieve this purpose, as the frequency is likely to slide down rapidly to dangerous levels due to over- draws, under low frequency levels. † 3. According to Accord Fintech. (  Feb 1, 2010. Areva TD India  Ltd  has informed BSE regarding a Press Release dated February 01, 2010 titled Areva awarded 2 major GIS Substations orders by  Delhi Transco Ltd(DTL)Press Release:AREVAs Transmission and Distribution (TD) division has recently won two major Orders from the  Delhi Transco Ltd  (DTL) for 220/33 kV GIS Substations, to be in stalled at f Mathur Lane and AIIMS trauma Centre in  Delhi  Both turnkey orders include Design, Engineering, Manufacturing, Testing and Commissioning of 220/33kv Substation Packages. Delhi Transco Limited (DTL) is the State Transmission utility for the National CapitalTerritory of Delhi. It is responsible for the transmission of power at 220kv and 400 kV level and for upgrading, operating and maintaining the Extra High Voltage network. The existing network of DTL consists of a 400KV ring around the periphery of Delhi interlinked with the 220KV network spread all over the city. 4. According to Anil Sasi (December 20, 2003) in his article, For most Indians it will sound like an impossible dream. Imagine having a choice of companies from which to buy electricity. Imagine urban India with fewer power blackouts and no need for equipment like inverters and voltage stabilisers. Its tough to imagine, But a brighter future could be closer than anybody imagines. Take a look at how Mumbai-based power giant BSES (its name will soon be changed to Reliance Energy) sees the future. Last month, BSES applied for permission to supply power to the NDMC area of Delhi the part where the prime minister and all the politicians live. BSES plans to set up parallel lines in the district and compete with the New Delhi Municipal Council, which supplies power in the district currently. BSES has other high-voltage plans for the future. It has already kicked up a storm by applying for permission to supply power to south Mumbai where it will compete with the Bombay Electric Supply and Transport Undertaking. BSES would, however, have to set up its own parallel network in the BEST area since the new Electricity Act 2003 does not allow utilities to use lines where a local body (BEST is an independent body under Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation) is the sole power supplier. . According to Himanshi Dhawan, ( Aug 14, 2010) With a spate of reports indicating corruption in Commonwealth Games projects and contracts, the Central Information Commission (CIC) has asked Delhi government and NDMC to put online information related to tenders, work awarded, consultants appointed and deadlines. CWG contracts and tenders have come under the scanner with CAG and CVC closely looking at the tenders awarded by agencies like PWD, NDMC and CPWD. 6. According to Bharti vohara(july13,2010) New Delhi,  (IANS) The Delhi cabinet Monday decided to meet the long-pending demand of the teachers of its technical institutions and polytechnics for pay scales as per the recommendations of the Sixth Pay Commission. At a meeting chaired by Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit, the cabinet also decided to convert a loan of Rs. 239 crore into equity of Delhi Transco Limited (DTL), keeping in view its planned capital expenditure for the October Commonwealth Games. . According to Varun yadav(feb 25,2009) Electricity can be derived from a number of sources these days and the call for renewable technology in response to environmental pressures means the list is getting longer. Coal, gas-fired or nuclear generation stations have been the primary methods so far but wind, wave or solar power are beginning to make their mark. The measurement of kV, at which electricity is generated, varies around the world from country to country, region to region. A review of power generation and distributed and the effect it might have on power quality (alongside other environmental, political and social unrest that may have an effect) has a baring on the size and type of uninterruptible power supply that may be ideally suitable to an installation. 8. By Atmanand (aug 9,2010) Delhi was the second state after Orissa to privatise the distribution sector. Since the transmission period ended three years ago, an assessment of Delhis power reforms experience would be in order, especially to see how far it meets the objectives of the Electricity Act 2003. A key objective of Delhis power sector reforms was to make the distribution sector financially sustainable. The Delhi Vidyut Boards annual financial losses had reached a staggering Rs 1,200 crore when it was privatised. 9. By Joseph C. Bright (18 NOV,2009) The Pennsylvania Supreme Court held that after deregulation of the electricity industry, charges by a distribution company for the transmission of electricity and for stranded costs are taxable for Sales and Use Tax purposes. Apparently, the General Assembly made a mistake in the Competition Act. Notwithstanding its general intention not to shift the burdens among classes of users, it failed to amend the definition of electricity for Sales and Use Tax purposes to include in the tax base charges by a distributor, while it did include them for Gross Receipts Tax purposes in the RNR Tax. In rescuing the General Assembly from its error, the Supreme Court made strikingly incorrect statements about tax law which, if taken seriously, will come back to haunt taxpayers, the government, and the courts alike. 10. By Nishtha Chugh(aug 14,2004) The 10 million inhabitants of the National Capital Territory of Delhi have reeled under power cuts every summer for decades. Two years after the privatisation of the Delhi Vidyut Board (DVB), nothing seems to have changed. Ironically, Delhi residents are unaware of a key fact: barring the occasional disruption, the new private distributors who supply electricity to the countrys capital have had surplus power to draw from all summer. The peak demand for power this year was easily met even though it rose by nearly 6. 8 per cent to the highest level in the last 10 years. There is more: transmission losses recorded by Delhi Transco Limited (DTL), the State transmission utility, have actually halved since last year. Research design Problem definition †¢ To know about the reason behind the static growth of the company . †¢ To know about the working process of the company. †¢ To know about the expension of the company. Objective of the study The main objective of my Project study which is being conducted by me for the last 1 and half month are as follow- †¢ To know about the over all financial condition of the company To know about the financial changes within the organization year by year. †¢ To know about the impact of financial condition on the profitability of company Research methodology It is a descriptive type of research which is of empirical ,quantitative and historical nature. Primary data It is a live data which I have collected from the finance department and by interaction with the employes in different department sp ecially finance department. The main source of primary data for my project was questioner and personal interview. Primary data will help in interpretation of the problem and drawing conclusions. Secondary data Secondary data will be another important source of data on which the present dissertation is based. I have collected the secondary data from various published and unpublished sources. The researcher used following sources for collection of secondary data I. Internet Browsing. II. Various Research Journals and Newspapers. III. Articles Limitation 1. The topic under study has wider scope and implications. This cannot be fully comprehended in the short period available in view of complex and dynamic environment. 2. Lack of access to company specific information. 3. The data used is historical i. e. the financial statements used for the study Research schedule It’s a six week training in this particular company. Work plan Time devoted to this project will be 6 weeks 1. Collection of data for couple of weeks. 2. Analysis of data for a week 3. Interpretation of data for couple of weeks 4. Written Presentation of findings and recommendations: a couple of weeks. Analysis and interpretation of data Acid Test ratio:A stringent test that indicates  whether a firm has enough short-term assets to cover its immediate liabilities without selling inventory. .ud221e32f1e0fd05c700c1e1cdeef7da4 , .ud221e32f1e0fd05c700c1e1cdeef7da4 .postImageUrl , .ud221e32f1e0fd05c700c1e1cdeef7da4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud221e32f1e0fd05c700c1e1cdeef7da4 , .ud221e32f1e0fd05c700c1e1cdeef7da4:hover , .ud221e32f1e0fd05c700c1e1cdeef7da4:visited , .ud221e32f1e0fd05c700c1e1cdeef7da4:active { border:0!important; } .ud221e32f1e0fd05c700c1e1cdeef7da4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud221e32f1e0fd05c700c1e1cdeef7da4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud221e32f1e0fd05c700c1e1cdeef7da4:active , .ud221e32f1e0fd05c700c1e1cdeef7da4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud221e32f1e0fd05c700c1e1cdeef7da4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud221e32f1e0fd05c700c1e1cdeef7da4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud221e32f1e0fd05c700c1e1cdeef7da4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud221e32f1e0fd05c700c1e1cdeef7da4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud221e32f1e0fd05c700c1e1cdeef7da4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud221e32f1e0fd05c700c1e1cdeef7da4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud221e32f1e0fd05c700c1e1cdeef7da4 .ud221e32f1e0fd05c700c1e1cdeef7da4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud221e32f1e0fd05c700c1e1cdeef7da4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Teenage Pregnancy EssayThe acid-test ratio is far more strenuous than the working capital ratio, primarily because the working capital ratio allows for the inclusion of inventory assets. Interpretation Companies with ratios of less than 1 cannot pay their current liabilities and should be looked at with extreme caution. Furthermore, if the acid-test ratio is much lower than the working capital ratio, it means current assets are highly dependent on inventory. In above mention graph it is reflecting that company Acid Test ratio is constantly lesser than industry ratio and from 2005 to 2007 its in decline phase in comparison to 2008-09 period. In later phase company shows some consolidation in its liquidity position. Current ratio:A liquidity ratio that measures a companys ability to pay short-term obligations. Current ratio: Current asset/ Current liability Also known as liquidity ratio, cash asset ratio and cash ratio Interpretation: The ratio is mainly used to give an idea of the companys ability to pay back its short-term liabilities (debt and payables) with its short-term assets (cash, inventory, receivables). The higher the current ratio, the more capable the company is of paying its obligations. A ratio under 1 suggests that the company would be unable to pay off its obligations if they came due at that point. While this shows the company is not in good financial health, it does not necessarily mean that it will go bankrupt as there are many ways to access financing but it is definitely not a good sign. The current ratio can give a sense of the efficiency of a companys operating cycle or its ability to turn its product into cash. Companies that have trouble getting paid on their receivables or have long inventory turnover can run into liquidity problems because they are unable to alleviate their obligations. Because business operations differ in each industry, it is always more useful to compare companies within the same industry. This ratio is similar to the acid-test ratio except that the acid-test ratio does not include inventory and prepaids as assets that can be liquidated. The components of current ratio (current assets and current liabilities) can be used to derive working capital (difference between current assets and current liabilities). In above mention graph is stating that company current ratio is lower than 1 through out the period as well as it is quit low in comparison to industry. Hence company should be more cautious for its short term liabilities. An accounting measure used to quantify a firms effectiveness in extending credit as well as collecting debts. The receivables turnover ratio is an activity ratio, measuring how efficiently a firm uses its assets . Account Receivable turnover : Net Credit Sales/Average accounts receivables Interpretation By maintaining accounts receivable, firms are indirectly extending interest-free loans to their clients. A high ratio implies either that a company operates on a cash basis or that its extension of credit and collection of accounts receivable is efficient. A low ratio implies the company should re-assess its credit policies in order to ensure the timely collection of imparted credit that is not earning interest for the firm. In above graph company ratio is quit higher than industry norms it means company have very strong credit policy and they need to follow that in more proper manner. In graph of collection receivables its clearly showing that company is performing far better than industry in term of collection days. Inventory turnover ratio: A ratio showing how many times a companys inventory is sold and replaced over a period. Sales/ Inventory :cost of good sales/average inventory Interpretation Although the first calculation is more frequently used, COGS (cost of goods sold) may be substituted because sales are recorded at market value, while inventories are usually recorded at cost. Also, average inventory may be used instead of the ending inventory level to minimize seasonal factors. This ratio should be compared against industry averages. A low turnover implies poor sales and, therefore, excess inventory. A high ratio implies either strong sales or ineffective buying. In graph its reflecting that company inventory turnover ratio is low than industry through out the 5 years and its a point of concern for company future growth. Company need to make new strategy for sales policy or review its sales policies for better result. Asset turnover ratio: it implies that the revenue generated on the total assets. Revenue/ total assets. Companies with low profit margins tend to have high asset turnover, those with high profit margins have low asset turnover it indicates pricing strategy This ratio is more useful for growth companies to check if in fact they are growing revenue in proportion to sales. This ratio is useful to determine the amount of sales that are generated from each peny of assets. As noted above, companies with low profit margins tend to have high asset turnover, those with high profit margins have low asset turnover. Delhi transco ltd. s asset turnover seems to be relatively low, meaning that it makes a high profit margin on its products. For companies in the retail industry you would expect a very high turnover ratio mainly because of cutthroat and competitive pricing. Gross profit Margin A financial metric used to assess a firms financial health by revealing the proportion of money left over from revenues after accounting for the cost of goods sold. Gross profit margin serves as the source for paying additional expenses and future savings. Gross margin : (Revenue – COGS)/Revenue Interpretation: This metric can be used to compare a company with its competitors. More efficient companies will usually see higher profit margin. In graph company performance is as same as industry through out the period of 5 years, its showing that company have to maintain the same policy for his future growth. Net profit margin: A ratio of profitability calculated as net income divided by revenues, or net profits divided by sales. It measures how  much out  of every rupee of sales a company actually keeps in earnings. Profit margin is very useful when comparing  companies in similar industries. A higher profit margin indicates a more profitable company that  has better control over  its costs compared to  its competitors. Also known as Net Profit Margin. Interpretation: Looking at the earnings of a company often doesnt tell the entire story. Increased earnings are good, but an increase does not mean that the profit margin of a company is improving. For instance, if a company has costs that have increased at a greater rate than sales, it leads to a lower profit margin. This is an indication that costs need to be under better control. In graph company profit margin almost same as industry for the last 5 years and its very competitive. Hence company need to make a review on its policy for future margin. Return on total assets A ratio that measures  a companys earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) against  its total net assets. The ratio is considered an indicator of how effectively a company is using its assets to generate earnings before contractual obligations must be paid. The greater a companys earnings in proportion to its assets (and the greater the coefficient from this calculation), the more effectively that company is said to be using its  assets. in the above mentioned graph indicates that company’s return on assets less then industry. so this implies that company is not properly utilisisng its assets. Return on equity : The amount of net income  returned  as a percentage  of shareholders equity. Return on equity  measures a corporations profitability  by revealing how much  profit a company generates  with the money shareholders have invested. ROE is expressed as a percentage and calculated as : Net income / Shareholders equity. Interpretation The ROE is useful  for comparing the profitability of a company to that of other firms in the same industry. There are several variations on the formula that investors may use: 1. Investors wishing to  see the return on common equity may modify the formula above by subtracting preferred dividends from net income and subtracting preferred equity from shareholders equity,  giving  the following: return on common equity (ROCE) =  net income preferred dividends / common equity. . Return on equity may also be calculated by dividing net income by average shareholders equity. In graph company return on equity is lower than industry by 10%. This is a alarming situation for company and it need to review its business policy to increase its ROE from 30% to minimum industry norms. Debt to equity : A measure of a companys financial leverage calculated by dividing  its total liabiliti es  by  stockholders equity. It indicates what proportion of equity and debt the company is using to finance its assets. Total liabilities/ Shareholders Equity Company debt equity ration is very low in comparison to industry hence from shareholders point of view company is quite safe for investment. In this analysis company’s current assets is less then current liabilities which creates adverse effect on liquidity which also harms its working capital so that why its operation is badly effected. The growth rate of net fixed assets is less than the liability this condition adversely affect the profitability margin of the company’s long term goal. EPS also decreases due to which its share value get also declined and due to this investors start deinvesting . this is bad for the positioning of the company in the stock market. The rate of COGS increases year by year which effects there profitability and operation. They have to reduce there operating cost for long tern profitability. Finding and conclusion Based on financial statement and information provided to me during my training period Company’s financial position is not appropriate and they have more liabilities in comparison to assets. and company should reduce there operating expences. orking process within the organization is not properly there should be proper time management and companies expansion also get affected due to the sharp fall in market capitalization. Fixed Assets: The company is maintaining proper record showing full particulars, including quantitative details and situation of fixed assets. b. As verification report the provision for dismantled equip ment amount to Rs 3. 10 crore has been made in the book during the year. 1. The company has made a policy during FY 2006-07 to physically verified the fixed assets in phase manner as follows: FY 2006-07 : Sub-station and transmission Assets. FY 2007-08 : Building and vehicles. FY 2008-09 : Computer and other assets. Suggestion: The frequency of physical verification is required. Inventries: a. Inventries has been physically verified during the year at Mehrauly being the main store of the company. During the year unserviceable item of Rs 1. 8 crore were identified and the same were properly dealt with in the account. b. Procedures followed by the management of physical verification of inventry are reasonable and adequate in relation to the size of the company and the nature of its bussiness. . Company id maintaining proper records of its inventrory. Loans and Advances: . The company has taken secured loan of Rs 153. 00 crore from its holding company . The payment of principle and interest are regular. Fixed Deposit: As per the information given to me the company has not accepted any deposit from the public. Internal Audit : The company has engaged the service of a practici ng firm of chartered Asccountents for internal audit for the financial year 2008-2009 on periodical basis. Cost records: Company has maintaining its cost records as per as company act 1956. Statutory Dues: a. The company is genarally regular in depositing statutory dues to the appropriate authorities. b. I were informed that there were no undisputed amount payable in respect of Provident fund, Investor education protection fund, Employees state insurance, Income tax , wealth tax, VAT , Custom Duty and excise duty, cess and any other statutory dues which were outstanding as at 31st march 2009 for a period of more than 6 month from the date they become payable. c. The company accumulated losses at the end of the financial year are more than 50 % of its net worth and it has not incurred cash losses in the current and immediate proceeding financial period. d. As informed to me , the company has not defaulted in repayment of dues to any financial institution , bank debenture holders, etc. e. the company has not granted any loans and advances on the basis of securities by way of pledge of shares, debentures and other securities. f. the company is not dealing in or trading in shares , securities , debenture and other investments. g. The company did not have any outstanding debenture during the year. h. The company has not raise any money through IPO. 8- Considering the continuous improvement of company financial position, the company is proposing the dividend @. 25% of paid up equity share capital. Therefore dividend proposed and dividend distribution tax payable thereon has been amounting to RS 9. 08 crore and Rs 1. 54 crore respectivly out of profit after tax of current year. 9 As per the Assessment order pas by IT Assessing authorities for the FY 2005-06 , the brought forward losses Rs 3537. 7 crore have been disallowed for carry forward assuming the delay in submission of returns for previous years. 10. Expenditure in Foreign Currency. Travelling expence 2009 : 41. 45 lacs 2008 : 25. 36 lacs Contingent liabilities: The contingent liabilities on account of arbitration/court cases is Rs 6432 lacs plus interest (previous year Rs 30273. 4 lacs plus interest ) against the counter claims of the company amounting t o Rs 92138. 73 lacs. 12. The Department of Income tax has raised a demand of Rs 3. 19 crore for FY 2004-05 in connection with the matter of TDS. 3. Estimated value of contract remaining to be executed on Capital Account (net of advance)and not provided for as at 31st march 2009 amount to Rs 212. 26 crore (Previous year 239. 17 crore). 14. Expences recognized during the year 2008-09. Under salaries and wages. Suggestion †¢ Time to time physical check up of financial condition †¢ There should be proper time management †¢ Auditing in presence of a team †¢ Company’s should reduce its operating cost for gaining long term profitability Reference material †¢ www. dtl. gov. in †¢ www. google . com †¢ Spandan shaktipunj Managerial accounting by R. K. Sharma †¢ The economics times †¢ The times of india Articles and report †¢ Utpal Bhaskar –â€Å"CWG could face fresh problem over power†(aug 3,2010) †¢ Accord Fintech â €“ â€Å"Areva awarded 2 major GIS Substations orders by  Delhi Transco Ltd  (DTL)†Ã‚  (  Feb 1, 2010. ) †¢ Anil Sasi â€Å"A return to power† (December 20, 2003) Himanshi Dhawan, â€Å"Put projects info online, says CIC† ( Aug 14, 2010) †¢ Bharti vohara Delhi technical institutes teachers get pay hike (july13,2010) †¢ Varun yadav –â€Å"Uninterruptible Power Supply Electricity Generation Distribution† (feb 25,2009) Atmanand -â€Å"Now, prepare for the maturation phase† (aug 9,2010) †¢ Nishtha Chugh -â€Å" Delhis power woes† (aug 14,2004) websites †¢ http://imworld. rediff. com/money/2003/dec/20spec. htm †¢ http://in. biz. yahoo. com/100808/50/baw2yo. html †¢ http://www. livemint. com/2010/08/02231210/CWG-could-face-fresh-problem-o. html †¢ http://content. magicbricks. com/400-shanties-near-delhis-barapullah-nullah-to-be-demolished †¢ http://www. hinduonnet. com/fline/fl2117/st ories/20040827001005200. htm †¢ http://www. ribuneindia. com/2007/20070415/delhi. htm#5 †¢ http://timesofindia. indiatimes. com/india/Put-projects-info-online-says-CIC/articleshow/6308546. cms †¢ http://www. indiavision. com/news/article/national/78001/ †¢ http://www. articlesbase. com/technology-articles/uninterruptible-power-supply-electricity-generation-distribution-789153. html †¢ http://www. mondaq. com/unitedstates/article. asp? articleid=89522

Bataan Death March - (Command Responsibility)

Bataan Death March - (Command Responsibility) Just hours after the Japanese sneak attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, 40,000 Japanese troops quickly organized an attack on American soldiers stationed in the Philippines. The surprise attack forced the Americans to retreat into the peninsula of Bataan on Luzon Island. There the poorly equipped U.S. troops followed orders by General Douglas McArthur to hold out until new supplies arrived. On April 9, 1942, with no help on the way and after four months of intense fighting, the Americans, together with their Philippine allies, surrendered. About 60,000 Philippine and 12,000 U.S. troops, coupled with 30,000 civilians were forced into the most brutal series of war crimes ever committed against surrendering American or Philippine soldiers, later became known as the Bataan Death March.When General Masahuro Homma accepted the surrender he encountered more POWs than he had expected. He wanted to transport the prisoners via truck but there were too many POWs so the only way to trans port the troops was to walk.ja: æ ¥ µÃ¦  ±Ã¥â€º ½Ã©Å¡â€ºÃ¨ » Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã¨ £ Ã¥Ë† ¤Ã¥ ¸â€šÃ£Æ' ¶Ã¨ ° ·Ã¦ ³â€¢Ã¥ » · ï ¼Ë†Ã¦â€" §...The Japanese marched approximately 76,000 sick, wounded and malnourished 80 miles out of the area, so as to have a free hand in occupying the rest of the Bataan peninsula. They were forced to walk barefoot over gravel roads, until they reached an old Philippine army camp, Camp O'Donnell. The march, including a 25-mile stretch by train, lasted more than 3 weeks. The estimated number of POWs who arrived at Camp O'Donnell is about 55,000. Based on those numbers roughly 20,000 POWs died during the march; however, the estimates of how many troops were captured and how many died vary because of poor record keeping.During the trek several factors contributed to the death of the above mentioned 20,000 POWs. The prisoners were murdered from the conditions of the march such as existing wounds,

Creating a Genealogy Blog

Creating a Genealogy Blog Using a Blog to Write About Family History A blog, short for Web log, is basically a very easy-to-use Web site. No need to worry too much about creativity or code. Instead a blog is basically an online journal you just open it up and start to write which makes it a great medium for documenting your family history search and sharing it with the world. A Typical Blog Blogs share a common format, which makes it easy for readers to quickly skim for interesting or pertinent information. It its basic form, a typical blog contains: short, informational entries - generally arranged in reverse chronological ordera time and/or date for each postlinks to other blogs or Web sites for additional contentarchives of all previously posted content, sometimes arranged into categories Blogs dont have to be all text either. Most blog software makes it easy to add photos, charts, etc. to illustrate your posts. 1. Determine Your Purpose What do you want to communicate with your blog? A genealogy or family history blog can be used for many reasons to tell family stories, to document your research steps, to share your findings, to collaborate with family members or to display photos. Some genealogists have even created a blog to share daily entries from an ancestors diary, or to post family recipes. 2. Select a Blogging Platform The best way to understand the ease of blogging is to just jump right in. If you dont want to invest a lot of money in this at first, there are quite a few free blogging services on the Web, including Blogger, LiveJournal and WordPress. There are even blog hosting options geared specifically for genealogists, such as on the social networking site GenealogyWise. Alternatively, you can sign up for a hosted blogging service, such as TypePad, or pay for a standard hosted Web site and upload your own blogging software. 3. Select the Format Theme for Your Blog The best things about blogs is that they are very simple to use, but you will have to make some decisions about how you want your blog to look. color scheme and style - most blog software offers a set of pre-designed templates, so this is simply a matter of choosing the one you likecategories - Many blogs use categories to define the general theme of each post, making it easy to find all posts on a particular topic. Basically categories are an organizational scheme. You may choose to categorize by surname or by locality. Or you can categorize by topic - census, cemetery, deaths, etc. Or you can choose not to categorize your blog posts at all.your content team - if you want your blog to be a collaborative effort, then youll need to select which people you plan to give access to post to your blogcomments - If you want others to be able to post responses to your information, then you can open up comments on your blog. This makes it easy for other researchers to get in touch with you or add new information, but can sometimes attract a few crazies as well. You can always close comments if they dont work well for you. If you arent sure about some of this, dont worry. These are all decisions that can be changed and tweaked as you go. 4. Write Your First Blog Post Now that we have the preliminaries out of the way, it is time to create your first post. If you dont do a lot of writing, this will probably be the most difficult part of blogging. Break yourself into blogging gently by keeping your first posts short and sweet. Browse other family history blogs for inspiration. But try to write at least one new post every few days. 5. Publicize Your Blog Once you have a few posts on your blog, youll need an audience. Begin with an email to friends and family to let them know about your blog. If youre using a blogging service, then make sure that you turn on the ping option. This alerts the major blog directories every time you make a new post. You can also do this through sites such as Ping-O-matic. Youll also definitely want to join GeneaBloggers, where youll find yourself in good company among over 2,000 other genealogy bloggers. Consider participating in a few blog carnivals as well, such as the Carnival of Genealogy. 6. Keep it Fresh Starting a blog is the hard part, but your jobs not done yet. A blog is something you have to keep up with. You dont have to write every day, but you do need to add to it on a regular basis or people wont come back to read it. Vary what you write about to keep yourself interested. One day you can post some photos from a cemetery visit, and the next you can talk about a great new database you found online. The interactive, ongoing nature of a blog is one of the reasons it is such a good medium for genealogists - it keeps you thinking about, searching for and sharing your family history! Kimberly Powell, About.coms Genealogy Guide since 2000, is a professional genealogist and the author of Everything Family Tree, 2nd Edition (2006) and The Everything Guide to Online Genealogy (2008). Click here for more information on Kimberly Powell.

Current Trends in Cardiac Health Care Research Paper

Current Trends in Cardiac Health Care - Research Paper Example These factors include changes in mortality rates, the demographic descriptions and medical health background of a â€Å"typical† cardiac disease patient, and the types of medical treatment these patients receive. Mortality Rates Patients who are admitted to the hospital for cardiac or cardiovascular disease, including heart attack and stroke, have a mortality rate several times higher than that of general admissions. This is unsurprising, since cardiac disease is much more serious than many conditions that nevertheless require hospitalizations. On the positive side, studies have shown that the mortality rate for patients who are admitted promptly after the beginning of symptoms has been slowly but significantly declining. Statistics show that patients are more likely to admit themselves to the hospital upon signs of an urgent cardiac event; for example, though the number of heart attacks per 1000 persons in California and a decline in hospital admissions in general, there has actually been an increase in hospital admissions for heart attacks (Office of Statewide Planning and Development, 2011). This fits in with the general trend for heart attacks in hospital emergency wards that has been seen since the early 1980s. The rate of heart attack had been dropping steadily from 1980 onward, until about the middle of the 1990s, when a new test had been developed to detect heart attack. Predictably, the statistics then show the rate of heart attacks detected to rise again, but due more to the higher sensitivity of the new test and not to any actual change in the rate of heart attack in the population (Office of Statewide Planning and Development, 2011). Mortality rates for cardiac disease patients are unfortunately also affected by hospital profit and cost of care concerns. Treatment for cardiac disease is becoming a lucrative area of sub-specialization, and many smaller hospitals have begun opening cardiac ICUs and cardiac surgery departments in order to increa se their profitability (Ronning, 2007). However, the mortality and adverse event rates for patients admitted to these smaller hospitals is much higher than those of bigger, more experienced hospitals; if the trend continues, a rise in mortality rates could very well occur (Joynt, Orav, & Jha, 2011). The combination of the cutting-edge nature of cardiac care with a doctor who is unfamiliar with the field in general and does not perform many such treatments greatly affects patient outcome. This correlation has been recognized to the point that cardiac surgeons are recommended to perform a minimum number of invasive cardiac surgeries a year, in order to maintain the proper level of training and familiarity with the procedure (Tu, Austin, & Chan, 2001). Patient Demographics and History The picture of the typical heart disease or cardiac disease patient is also showing changes over time. For example, women are becoming an ever-larger percentage of admissions; in Canada by 2004, women mad e up approximately half of such admissions (Tu, Jackevicius, Lee, & Donovan, 2010). Racial percentages for cardiac-related hospitalizations have also shifted, moving some of the preponderance of patients from the Caucasian segment to other racial groups, though Caucasians still represent the majority of cardiac patients. However, this could be due to the shifting racial proportions of the entire population, and not necessarily due